Read all about the wine regions of Bolivia in our guide to the travel destinations and wines of Bolivia. Part of The South America Wine Guide
Bolivia Features
Singani is Bolivia’s signature spirit but, as Bolivian sommelier Darren Armstrong suggests, this clear brandy is more than just a spirit made in Bolivia – it actually captures the spirit of Bolivian terroir. Although it shares many qualities with Peruvian Pisco, Singani has its own long history and identity which starts hundreds of years ago…
The story of Singani – the Pisco of Bolivia
The history of Singani goes back to a small village in Potosí, Sinkani, where some of the first grapevines were planted by the missionaries. Life in the colonies in the Andean highlands was harsh: brutal high-altitude sunshine, lower levels of oxygen and extremely cold nights made life challenging, and the risk of vicious attacks from rival towns was constant. Singani was a strong, warming spirit that helped take the edge off this difficult way of life.
As the population of these mining cities grew, more and more wine and Singani was sent to them — especially to Potosí. Many of the miners would also give offerings to El Tío, a spirit believed to be the lord of the underworld, often depicted as a devil-like creature. Miners would typically have a statue of El Tío in the mines and would make offerings of coca, cigars and Singani in order to ask for protection while working underground.
The oldest and most well-known Singani producer is San Pedro, their vineyards were first planted about 500 years ago under the name San Pedro Mártir and this distillery has now been producing Singani continuously, making it one of the oldest in the Americas. Today there are numerous big brands and small artisanal producers making waves both locally and internationally. Some top brands that export include Rujero, Casa Real and Los Parrales, and San Francisco de la Horca and Tierra Alta are top boutique, cult productions.
Cinti Valley in Bolivia is one of the world’s most memorable wine regions: where vines grow up trees and are often well over 200 years old. It’s a stunning wine region in western Bolivia and a key part of the history of Bolivian wine as well as its future.
Overview of Cinti Valley
A Guide to Cinti Valley
Sub-Regions in Cinti Valley
Best Wines from Cinti Valley
Visiting Cinti Valley
Nowadays Cinti feels like the wild west of Bolivian wine production — isolated and untamed. But for over four centuries this historic valley was one of the heartlands of Bolivian wine and an important supplier for the thirsty miners of Potosí.
A natural oasis in the high-altitude desert plains, the Cinti Valley spans about 80 km in length by up to 5 km in width and is protected on either side by steep cliffs. The Cinti Valley is a canyon, created by an ancient fault line. To the west lie iron-rich red soils that are so colourful that this area was baptised El Cañon Colorado (“the colourful canyon”). On the eastern side, there are lighter-coloured soils with a mixture of calcareous, clay and sandy material. Two rivers run through the centre of the canyon — Río Grande and Río Chica — and vineyards are planted on the banks of both, and on both types of soils.
Although now three hours by road from both Potosí and Tarija, the Cinti Valley actually feels a whole world away from anywhere. It was only in the last decade that paved roads made their way here and so development has been blissfully subdued. From either direction, you pass through barren and wind-battered scrublands, where cacti, peppercorn trees and abandoned huts that once sheltered shepherds are the only signs of life until you reach the colourful canyon of the Cinti Valley.
It’s easy to see why this glowing ravine with its fresh mountain water became the weekend home of Potosí’s elite, a green idyll for the wealthy mine owners. Not only was the climate suitable for growing fruit and vegetables, but the clean air, moderate temperatures and lower altitude made it a wonderful respite from the harsh reality of the mining city.
In fact, the name Cinti is said to have originated from its curative properties. Many children died at birth in Potosí and so many women were sent to Cinti while they were ‘encinta’ (pregnant), so they could give birth there. Young children or anyone under the weather were also sent to the valley, where miracles were said to happen. A retreat to Cinti was often the doctor’s orders, and a glass of wine no doubt helped the medicine go down.
Glossary & A to Z of South American wine terms
Get to grips with South American wine terms in our Glossary and full A to Z guide. The ideal online appendix for our book, the South America Wine Guide, you can use this as your ultimate guide to wine terms in Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Peru.
We’ve also included some important cultural terms, food words and the wine associations from each country. Spanish and Portuguese terms are in italics.
A to Z of South America Wine: A glossary on wine terms for the South America Wine Guide
Acequias
Irrigation channels that were originally built by the native Huarpes in Mendoza to bring water from the mountain rivers and expand agriculture. Today a complex network of acequias in Mendoza is responsible for bringing the majority of the province’s water to the vineyards (where irrigation is essential).
Adobe
A traditional and historic building material made from earth and straw, which is often formed into large bricks and dried in the sunshine. Adobe was used to make wineries and other buildings in Argentina and Chile until the mid-20th century and many historical adobe wineries still exist, although they are becoming less common, partly because they are prone to earthquake damage.
Aguardiente
Spanish term for a spirit made by fermenting and distilling any fruit (including grapes), grain or sugarcane. A similar term in English is firewater (and rightly so, as many stiff aguardientes will put fire in your belly!) In South America many aguardientes are made, both at a local, artisanal level and on a massive industrial scale. While many of the aguardientes in wine countries are made from grapes, other ingredients are also used for local spirits — Brazil’s most famous aguardiente is cachaça, made from sugar cane, for example.